Reactive Attachment Disorder Causes and Treatment

Reactive Attachment Disorder Causes and Treatment Basics Print Reactive Attachment Disorder Causes and Treatment By Amy Morin, LCSW facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our editorial policy Amy Morin, LCSW Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 08, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 istockphoto More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Babies bond with adults who provide them with consistent, loving care. They recognize the adults who protect them and calm them when they’re feeling stressed. In most cases, they develop healthy attachments to their primary caregivers, like their parents, daycare provider, or perhaps a grandparent who is very involved. But sometimes, babies struggle to form healthy relationships with a stable adult. Consequently, they may develop reactive attachment disorder, a mental health condition that makes it difficult to form healthy and loving relationships. Causes Reactive attachment disorder may result when children aren’t given proper care by stable and consistent caregivers. If a caregiver doesn’t respond to an infant’s cries or a child isn’t nurtured and loved, he may not develop a healthy attachment. Here are some examples of times when a child may not be able to form a secure attachment to a primary caregiver: A child’s mother is incarcerated off and on. The child resides with various relatives while she is in jail and the baby is never in the same home long enough to form a strong bond with any adults.A mother has depression. Consequently, she struggles to care for her child. She is not responsive to him when he cries and she doesn’t show him much affection.A child is removed from his birth parents and placed in foster care. He lives in several different foster homes over the course of a year. He doesn’t form secure relationships with any caregivers.Two parents have serious substance abuse problems. Under the influence of drugs and alcohol, they aren’t able to provide their child with adequate care.A baby is placed in an orphanage. There are many different caregivers but the baby is rarely held or consoled when she cries. She spends most of her time in a crib.A young mother doesn’t understand child development basics. She lacks the knowledge to care for her child physically and emotionally. The child doesn’t bond with his mother because she isn’t responsive to his needs. Any time there’s a consistent disregard for a child’s emotional or physical needs, a child may be at risk for developing a reactive attachment disorder. A lack of stimulation and affection can also play a role. Symptoms Children with reactive attachment disorder often refuse to follow rules and they may lash out against others with little empathy. But reactive attachment disorder goes beyond behavior problems. In order to qualify for a diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder, a child must exhibit a consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers. Children with reactive attachment disorder: Rarely or minimally seek comfort when distressedRarely or minimally respond to comfort when distressed To meet the criteria, they must also exhibit two of the following symptoms: Minimal social and emotional responsiveness to othersLimited positive affectEpisodes of unexplained irritability, sadness, or fearfulness that are evident during non-threatening interactions with adult caregivers In addition to exhibiting those symptoms, the child must also have a history of insufficient care as evidenced by at least one of the following: Changes in primary caregivers that limit the child’s opportunity to form a stable attachmentPersistent lack of emotional warmth and affection from adultsBeing raised in an unusual setting that severely limits a child’s opportunity to form selective attachments (such as an orphanage) The symptoms must be present before the age of 5. And the child must have a developmental age of at least nine months to qualify for a diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder. Prevalence of Reactive Attachment Disorder Since reactive attachment disorder is a relatively new diagnosisâ€"and many children go untreated, it’s uncertain how many children may meet the criteria. In 2010, one study found less than 0.4 percent of Danish children had reactive attachment disorder. A 2013 study estimated about 1.4 percent of children living in an impoverished area in the United Kingdom had an attachment disorder. It’s estimated that children in foster careâ€"and those who resided in orphanagesâ€"exhibit much higher rates of reactive attachment disorder. A history of maltreatment and disruptions to a child’s care likely increases the risk. Diagnosis Teachers, daycare providers, and primary caregivers are likely to notice that a child with reactive attachment disorder exhibits emotional and behavioral issues. A thorough examination by a mental health professional can establish whether a child has reactive attachment disorder. An evaluation may include: Direct observation of the child interacting with a caregiverA thorough history of a child’s development and living situationInterviews with the primary caregivers to learn more about parenting stylesObservation of the child’s behavior There are several other conditions that may present with similar emotional or behavioral symptoms. A mental health professional will determine whether a child’s symptoms may be explained by other conditions such as: Adjustment disordersPost-traumatic stress disorderCognitive disabilitiesAutismMood disorders Sometimes, children with reactive attachment disorder experience comorbid conditions. Research shows that children with attachment disorders experience higher rates of ADHD, anxiety disorders, and conduct disorders. The History of the Reactive Attachment Disorder Diagnosis Attachment disorder is a relatively new diagnosis. It was first introduced in 1980. In 1987, two subtypes of reactive attachment disorder were introduced; inhibited and disinhibited. In 2013, the diagnosis was updated again. The DSM-5 refers to the disinhibited type as a separate condition called disinhibited social engagement disorder. Disinhibited social engagement disorder is an attachment disorder that is also caused by a lack of a secure attachment with a caregiverâ€"like reactive attachment disorder. Children with disinhibited social engagement disorder approach and interact with unfamiliar adults without any fear. They are often willing to go off with a stranger without any hesitation. Treatment The first step in treating a child with reactive attachment disorder usually involves ensuring the child is given a loving, caring, and stable environment. Therapy won’t be effective if a child continues moving from foster home to foster home or if he continues living in a residential setting with inconsistent caregivers. Therapy usually involves the child as well as the parent or primary caregiver. The caregiver is educated about reactive attachment disorder and given information about how to build trust and develop a healthy bond. Sometimes, caregivers are encouraged to attend parenting classes to learn how to manage behavior problems. And if the caregiver struggles to provide a child with warmth and affection, parent training may be provided to help a child feel safe and loved. Controversial Therapies That Are Not Recommended In the past, some treatment centers used several controversial therapies for children with reactive attachment disorder. For example, holding therapy involves a therapist or a caregiver physically restraining a child. The child is expected to go through a range of emotions until he eventually stops resisting. Unfortunately, some children have died while being restrained. Another controversial therapy involves rebirthing. During rebirthing, children with reactive attachment disorder are wrapped in blankets and therapists simulate the birthing process by acting as though the child is moving through the birth canal. Rebirthing became illegal in several states after a child suffocated. The American Psychiatric Association and The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry caution against holding therapies and rebirthing techniques. Such techniques are considered pseudoscience and there is no evidence that they reduce the symptoms associated with reactive attachment disorder. If you consider any non-traditional treatments for your child, it’s important to talk to your child’s doctor before beginning treatment. Long-Term Prognosis for Children With Reactive Attachment Disorder Without treatment, a child with reactive attachment disorder may experience ongoing social, emotional, and behavioral problems. And that may put a child at risk for bigger problems as he grows older. Researchers estimate that 52 percent of juvenile offenders have an attachment disorder or borderline attachment disorder. The vast majority of those teens had experienced maltreatment or neglect early in life. Early intervention may be key to helping kids develop healthy attachments earlier in life. And the sooner they receive treatment, the fewer problems they may have over time. How to Reduce the Risk There are several ways in which primary caregivers may be able to reduce the risk that a child will develop reactive attachment disorder. Educate yourself about child development. Learning how to respond to your baby’s cues and how to help reduce your child’s stress can be instrumental in developing a healthy attachment.Provide positive attention. Playing with your baby, reading to her, and cuddling with her can help establish a loving and trusting relationship.Nurture your child. Simple everyday activities, like changing your baby’s diaper and feeding her, are opportunities to bond.Learn about attachment issues. If you are raising a child who has a history of neglect, maltreatment, or caregiver interruptions, educate yourself about attachment issues. Where to Find Help If you have concerns that your child may have an emotional or behavioral disorder, start by talking to your child’s doctor. The pediatrician can evaluate your child and determine whether a referral to a mental health provider is appropriate.

Reactive Attachment Disorder Causes and Treatment

Reactive Attachment Disorder Causes and Treatment Basics Print Reactive Attachment Disorder Causes and Treatment By Amy Morin, LCSW facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our editorial policy Amy Morin, LCSW Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 08, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 istockphoto More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Babies bond with adults who provide them with consistent, loving care. They recognize the adults who protect them and calm them when they’re feeling stressed. In most cases, they develop healthy attachments to their primary caregivers, like their parents, daycare provider, or perhaps a grandparent who is very involved. But sometimes, babies struggle to form healthy relationships with a stable adult. Consequently, they may develop reactive attachment disorder, a mental health condition that makes it difficult to form healthy and loving relationships. Causes Reactive attachment disorder may result when children aren’t given proper care by stable and consistent caregivers. If a caregiver doesn’t respond to an infant’s cries or a child isn’t nurtured and loved, he may not develop a healthy attachment. Here are some examples of times when a child may not be able to form a secure attachment to a primary caregiver: A child’s mother is incarcerated off and on. The child resides with various relatives while she is in jail and the baby is never in the same home long enough to form a strong bond with any adults.A mother has depression. Consequently, she struggles to care for her child. She is not responsive to him when he cries and she doesn’t show him much affection.A child is removed from his birth parents and placed in foster care. He lives in several different foster homes over the course of a year. He doesn’t form secure relationships with any caregivers.Two parents have serious substance abuse problems. Under the influence of drugs and alcohol, they aren’t able to provide their child with adequate care.A baby is placed in an orphanage. There are many different caregivers but the baby is rarely held or consoled when she cries. She spends most of her time in a crib.A young mother doesn’t understand child development basics. She lacks the knowledge to care for her child physically and emotionally. The child doesn’t bond with his mother because she isn’t responsive to his needs. Any time there’s a consistent disregard for a child’s emotional or physical needs, a child may be at risk for developing a reactive attachment disorder. A lack of stimulation and affection can also play a role. Symptoms Children with reactive attachment disorder often refuse to follow rules and they may lash out against others with little empathy. But reactive attachment disorder goes beyond behavior problems. In order to qualify for a diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder, a child must exhibit a consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers. Children with reactive attachment disorder: Rarely or minimally seek comfort when distressedRarely or minimally respond to comfort when distressed To meet the criteria, they must also exhibit two of the following symptoms: Minimal social and emotional responsiveness to othersLimited positive affectEpisodes of unexplained irritability, sadness, or fearfulness that are evident during non-threatening interactions with adult caregivers In addition to exhibiting those symptoms, the child must also have a history of insufficient care as evidenced by at least one of the following: Changes in primary caregivers that limit the child’s opportunity to form a stable attachmentPersistent lack of emotional warmth and affection from adultsBeing raised in an unusual setting that severely limits a child’s opportunity to form selective attachments (such as an orphanage) The symptoms must be present before the age of 5. And the child must have a developmental age of at least nine months to qualify for a diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder. Prevalence of Reactive Attachment Disorder Since reactive attachment disorder is a relatively new diagnosisâ€"and many children go untreated, it’s uncertain how many children may meet the criteria. In 2010, one study found less than 0.4 percent of Danish children had reactive attachment disorder. A 2013 study estimated about 1.4 percent of children living in an impoverished area in the United Kingdom had an attachment disorder. It’s estimated that children in foster careâ€"and those who resided in orphanagesâ€"exhibit much higher rates of reactive attachment disorder. A history of maltreatment and disruptions to a child’s care likely increases the risk. Diagnosis Teachers, daycare providers, and primary caregivers are likely to notice that a child with reactive attachment disorder exhibits emotional and behavioral issues. A thorough examination by a mental health professional can establish whether a child has reactive attachment disorder. An evaluation may include: Direct observation of the child interacting with a caregiverA thorough history of a child’s development and living situationInterviews with the primary caregivers to learn more about parenting stylesObservation of the child’s behavior There are several other conditions that may present with similar emotional or behavioral symptoms. A mental health professional will determine whether a child’s symptoms may be explained by other conditions such as: Adjustment disordersPost-traumatic stress disorderCognitive disabilitiesAutismMood disorders Sometimes, children with reactive attachment disorder experience comorbid conditions. Research shows that children with attachment disorders experience higher rates of ADHD, anxiety disorders, and conduct disorders. The History of the Reactive Attachment Disorder Diagnosis Attachment disorder is a relatively new diagnosis. It was first introduced in 1980. In 1987, two subtypes of reactive attachment disorder were introduced; inhibited and disinhibited. In 2013, the diagnosis was updated again. The DSM-5 refers to the disinhibited type as a separate condition called disinhibited social engagement disorder. Disinhibited social engagement disorder is an attachment disorder that is also caused by a lack of a secure attachment with a caregiverâ€"like reactive attachment disorder. Children with disinhibited social engagement disorder approach and interact with unfamiliar adults without any fear. They are often willing to go off with a stranger without any hesitation. Treatment The first step in treating a child with reactive attachment disorder usually involves ensuring the child is given a loving, caring, and stable environment. Therapy won’t be effective if a child continues moving from foster home to foster home or if he continues living in a residential setting with inconsistent caregivers. Therapy usually involves the child as well as the parent or primary caregiver. The caregiver is educated about reactive attachment disorder and given information about how to build trust and develop a healthy bond. Sometimes, caregivers are encouraged to attend parenting classes to learn how to manage behavior problems. And if the caregiver struggles to provide a child with warmth and affection, parent training may be provided to help a child feel safe and loved. Controversial Therapies That Are Not Recommended In the past, some treatment centers used several controversial therapies for children with reactive attachment disorder. For example, holding therapy involves a therapist or a caregiver physically restraining a child. The child is expected to go through a range of emotions until he eventually stops resisting. Unfortunately, some children have died while being restrained. Another controversial therapy involves rebirthing. During rebirthing, children with reactive attachment disorder are wrapped in blankets and therapists simulate the birthing process by acting as though the child is moving through the birth canal. Rebirthing became illegal in several states after a child suffocated. The American Psychiatric Association and The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry caution against holding therapies and rebirthing techniques. Such techniques are considered pseudoscience and there is no evidence that they reduce the symptoms associated with reactive attachment disorder. If you consider any non-traditional treatments for your child, it’s important to talk to your child’s doctor before beginning treatment. Long-Term Prognosis for Children With Reactive Attachment Disorder Without treatment, a child with reactive attachment disorder may experience ongoing social, emotional, and behavioral problems. And that may put a child at risk for bigger problems as he grows older. Researchers estimate that 52 percent of juvenile offenders have an attachment disorder or borderline attachment disorder. The vast majority of those teens had experienced maltreatment or neglect early in life. Early intervention may be key to helping kids develop healthy attachments earlier in life. And the sooner they receive treatment, the fewer problems they may have over time. How to Reduce the Risk There are several ways in which primary caregivers may be able to reduce the risk that a child will develop reactive attachment disorder. Educate yourself about child development. Learning how to respond to your baby’s cues and how to help reduce your child’s stress can be instrumental in developing a healthy attachment.Provide positive attention. Playing with your baby, reading to her, and cuddling with her can help establish a loving and trusting relationship.Nurture your child. Simple everyday activities, like changing your baby’s diaper and feeding her, are opportunities to bond.Learn about attachment issues. If you are raising a child who has a history of neglect, maltreatment, or caregiver interruptions, educate yourself about attachment issues. Where to Find Help If you have concerns that your child may have an emotional or behavioral disorder, start by talking to your child’s doctor. The pediatrician can evaluate your child and determine whether a referral to a mental health provider is appropriate.

Types Of Treatment For Cancer - 1685 Words

Cancer is a name given to a lot of diseases that combine together, that might cause death, tumors, and long days of treatment. Some of the cells then separate and spread into the tissues without stopping. Cancer can start anywhere in the body, the human body has trillions of cells, and when cells grow they get replaced with new ones. But when cancer starts the process of replacing old cells with new ones stops. When the cells get damaged or grow old new cells grow, but sometimes the cells aren’t needed. These extra cells spread and might sometimes cause tumors. There are many different types of treatment for cancer, but the main one is surgery. Cancer can occur to both sexes, it attacks any part of the body. Most cancers are fatal, but†¦show more content†¦Different tumors occur in different places. An example of a tumor is a malignant tumor. A malignant tumor is a neoplasm that grows and spreads through the body that is cancerous. Another example, a benign is also a neoplasm that does not spread or infiltrate other tissues of the body that is non- cancerous. Cancer hits people of all ages but specially middle ages but mostly middle age and elders. Cancer occurs to both males and females, the most affected parts are the skin, digestive glands, the lungs, and female breast. Most cancers are deadly, but some can be fought. About one-third of people today survive the treatment and live longer than before the treatment. There are more than 100 types of cancer but lung cancer is the most fatal. For example, 20% of the women with lung cancer, have never smoked and they survived cancer itself. There are no symptoms in cancer, it just has stages before it begins to spread. Example, lung cancer is the most common cancer type in the U.S it mostly starts after chemicals in cigarettes or polluted air cell. These certain objects affect the lining of the bronchial tubes. These tubes are located in the lungs. Normally they have tiny hair growing on the cells called cilia. The cilia moves back and forth without stopping sweeping out mucus, toxins, bac teria, viruses and thick liquid on the tubes. When the smoke comes into the system it kills the hair that was normally there. But, the smoke doesn’t move it stays in one place causing

Music And Its Influence On The Italian Genre - 1785 Words

Throughout history, various styles of music have developed to further the evolution and complexity of music, wether it be commissioned by nobility or, composed for the enjoyment of the normal, common populace. English madrigals, though not the longest lasting style, is one such form of music that has had a lasting impact on the continuing composition of music. Madrigals are defined four ways in A History of Western Music. The fourth definition, â€Å"English polyphonic work imitating the Italian genre,† is what will be covered in this paper but, to understand this definition, the other four must be explored. Madrigals originated as a musical style in Italy in the 14th Century, but, the style came around again in the 16th century (1588-1627), much more popular and extremely more influential than the previous incarnation of madrigals. Madrigals are songs in a poetic setting, such as a sonnet, or, another nonrepetative verse form. Madrigals in England developed at the same t ime as mass music printing, under William Byrd, although he himself eventually stopped composing madrigals. In volume 15 of the Second Edition of The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, as to the circumstances of the rise of the madrigal, it states: â€Å"A favourable literary situation developed in the 1570s, when Spenser, Sidney and other ‘new poets’ undertook a comprehensive reform of native poetry along Italian lines.† From here, Musica transalpina was translated by Nicholas Yonge. Musica transalpinaShow MoreRelatedItalian Music1489 Words   |  6 Pagesmillion Italian immigrants arriving to American between the years of 1876-1924, traditions, food, literature and an immense amount of Italian culture was slowly spread nationwide. With that, Italian music was also brought across seas. Music in New York City began developing rapidly during the nineteenth century as the number of immigrants and residents steadily increased. 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The Most Ignored Answer for How to Make a Research Outline

The Most Ignored Answer for How to Make a Research Outline The New Fuss About How to Make a Research Outline Once you get a great idea of a logical order, go right ahead and complete the body of your outline. In the event of a lengthier project, it is challenging to imagine a successful writing process with no obstacles in the event the outline is missing. Although outlining may look like a lengthy procedure, it is going to make the writing process a much simpler experience. The outline will also demonstrate where you might have too much or need more information to hold up your topic and can be achieved in a fair quantity of time. Your textbook might also incorporate a table of contents at the onset of each chapter, or even better, a chapter summary or review. In the majority of instances, you will most likely not have to incorporate an outline by means of your paper unless your instructor specifically requires one. It's the very first chapter in the anatomy of research pap ers that will provide you with the info you require. You've got to finalize your thesis and make a working outline that you intend to cover and that is going to serve you as a roadmap and keep you focused. You could also understand the chapter outline. Outlining your presentation first is an excellent method to begin. Make the very first outline tentative. An outline is just one of the most crucial pieces of your paper and writing both. It is meant to help you establish a structure for a paper you are going to write. It will help you organize your thoughts before you dig into the writing process. For a quick paper, of a few thousand words or less, it might not be necessary. After all, you're making a paper outline so that you're able to guide yourself towards starting a research paper, so naturally, you won't need to enter the literature review practice. Prepare a working thesis before you truly organize your research as it will guide your investigation and can help you stay focused on your subject. Now you know the fundamental pieces of a research paper, you're prepared to make the research paper outline. It is an impossible task to compose a very good research paper on just law. Make the reader believe the given paper comprises the helpful details on the appropriate problem and matters for the growth of science. If your topic is too broad, your research paper is not likely to be successful because it is going to appear to be an overall overview. Outline you write your paper to contain all of the research info, have a crystal clear structure and grab attention of the audience, you'll need to obey a very clear structure and provide all the vital details to make sure that your paper will not be taken lightly. Writing a research paper is as critical as performing the true research or experiment itself and can seem to be an extremely daunting undertaking. Maximizing your research outline's purpose will be able to help you compose a thorough paper. Let's consider the components of your research program and the way to compose a structured outline that will make it possible for you to begin a research paper as rapidly and effectively as possible. Great research paper's examples almost always concentrate on novel suggestions to address which will be of value in the area. Use a specific subject. For your research paper example to get going, you should announce your introduction with few sentences that show what type of research questions you're going to be asking. If you want to write for a particular journal, an excellent advice is to look at the research paper outline of a number of the articles to have a better idea about how to compose your article. A great idea is to supply some recommendations depending on the outcomes of your investigation or suggest some directions for additional research. There are some tips on how to compose your abstract but the very best advice is that you look at some journals applicable to your research and attempt to format your abstract in a similar way.

Global Education Services Information Systems

Question: Discuss about the case study Global Education Services for Information Systems. Answer: Introduction Global Education Services (GEC) is a student recruitment business established and headed by Mr. Peter Ho and is based out of China. It provides education services and information associated with the same to the students in Great Tong City and also acts as a recruitment agent for the universities all across the globe. Peter along with his assistant Vicky, operates from a single business unit with the help of a couple of computer systems and manual processes in all of its operations. With the expansion of business and entry of similar competitors in the market, it is now a mandate for Peter and his firm to implement information systems in the architecture to handle the information and the operations in a more organized and streamlined manner. Justification An Information System is a collection of people, data, technology and processes which are used to fulfill a specific purpose or task. These inter-related components are also utilized to support decision making and control in an organization (Cornford and Shaikh, 2013). Importance of Information Systems to GEC Information systems for GEC will allow better communication and interaction with the customers i.e. the students spread all across the globe. Also, the management of information related to student demographics, enrollment and registration will be recorded and stored in a more secure and organized manner without any need to maintain the paper based records. Staff management and tracking of the resources will also be easier for GEC and all of the services will be made available in a more reliable, maintainable and always available manner (Gupta, Sharma and Tripathi, 2016). Information Systems for Small Businesses Transaction Processing Systems such as Payroll Systems and Order Processing Systems along with Management Information System such as Staff Management and Budgeting Systems will be beneficial for small scale firms. Also, Decision Support Systems such as financial planning will prove to be of great help for small scale businesses (Thong, 2016). Problems The problem associated with GEC revolves around the management of the information. Keeping a track of the student details through paper based records is both troublesome and unsafe. Also, management of the staff members and allocation of their duties through manual processes is slow and productivity would decrease through the same. Finance management is another area of concern wherein manual handling of cash is not a secure process to adapt to. Opportunities The three broad areas for GEC to develop are the management of the information associated with the customers, better handling of the finance and account and organized staff management The basic information requirements of GEC are the customer requirements in terms of an education business unit that is available, reliable and secure in terms of handling of the data and the information. Also, the staff related data such as timings, leave details, roles and responsibilities are the details that would be required to be handled in a better manner. The information associated with the accounts section and the decisions to manage them will also play a significant role. The following Information Systems will enable GEC to appear as a stronger and more reliable name in the market. Transaction Processing Systems These are the information systems that will enable GEC to handle the transaction events in an organized manner by correctly validating, sorting, listing, merging, updating and calculating the data to ensure data integrity, consistency and durability. Order processing systems to handle the student requests online in an automated fashion and payroll systems to handle the employee salaries and compensation are a mandate for GEC (Rahmatian, 2016). Management Information Systems These are the Information Systems that are designed for the managers for smooth functioning of the operations. Staff Management System to ensure better management of the staff members with an automated handling of their timesheets, leaves calculation and also automated allocation of roles and responsibilities will allow the resources to work in a more productive and efficient manner. Budgeting systems will allow Peter and his team to develop a dedicated budget for all of his activities (Harsh, 2016). Decision Support Systems Decision Support Information Systems will enable GEC to take better decisions for the organization. Financial planning systems will allow Peter and GEC to take better decisions in terms of finance and also efficient handling of the cash received for various orders and requests (Druzdzel and Flynn, 2016). Internet, intranet and extranet can be utilized by GEC to communicate and interact with the clients and the staff members along with all of the operations associated with the same. An internal network will allow the team members to share information and keep a track of their progress and an external network will allow the carry out of operations such as receiving student request, approving student request, advertising the various opportunities and also changes and modifications. It will also enable storing the student records and employee information on cloud. Change Management is the process of handling the changes that are introduced in the system with incorporation of new techniques or modifications in the existing strategies. GEC can handle the changes with the help of dedicated training hours to the employees and also making the user manuals and guides available for the customers on the online portal. Also, a step by step migration will be performed rather than doing it as a whole to grant the employees required time to adapt with a particular phase without compromising on the productivity. Security and Ethical Issues There are a number of security threats such as malicious software, denial of service, account hijacking and data loss that get introduced with the adaptation to information systems. Also, ethical issues such as violation of intellectual and copyrights, malicious insiders and violation of code of conduct will be probable for GEC. Ways to handle the security and ethical issues Use of proper access control mechanisms, physical security along with installation of firewalls, encryption of information, use of anti-virus and internet security will allow GEC to avoid the security threats. Introduction of legal and regulatory policies for information handling and ethics and compliance policies will allow keeping the ethical issues aside. References Cornford, T. and Shaikh, M. (2013). Introduction to information systems. [online] Available at: https://www.londoninternational.ac.uk/sites/default/files/programme_resources/lse/lse_pdf/subject_guides/is1060_ch1-4.pdf [Accessed 30 Jul. 2016]. Druzdzel, M. and Flynn, R. (2016). Decision Support Systems. [online] Available at: https://www.pitt.edu/~druzdzel/psfiles/dss.pdf [Accessed 30 Jul. 2016]. Gupta, C., Sharma, S. and Tripathi, S. (2016). Importance of Management Information System in ElectronicInformation Era. [online] Available at: https://www.smslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/pdf/Archives/Vol%201(2)/Vol%201(2)-2010-P107-P114.pdf [Accessed 30 Jul. 2016]. Harsh, S. (2016). Management Information Systems. [online] Available at: https://departments.agri.huji.ac.il/economics/gelb-manag-4.pdf [Accessed 30 Jul. 2016]. Rahmatian, S. (2016). Transaction Processing Systems. [online] Available at: https://zimmer.csufresno.edu/~sasanr/Teaching-Material/MIS/TPS/TPS.pdf [Accessed 30 Jul. 2016]. Thong, J. (2016). An Integrated Model of Information Systems Adoption in Small Businesses. [online] Available at: https://home.ust.hk/~jthong/SSRN-id1977980.pdf [Accessed 30 Jul. 2016].

7 Last Minute Essay Writing Tips to Have More Free Hours

Is the last minute left till the submission of an essay? This may sound familiar to most students. They lack sleep for days because the deadlines are approaching. You may say, Everything is alright. Im a student after all. Wait! No, its not normal to have red eyes! If youre a student, that doesnt mean you shouldnt have a life full of beans. Agree? Keep in mind that when students sleep less than it is recommended, they get less active during the day. A student needs enough sleep to meet up the demanding cognitive tasks and other academic requirements. The rule to sleep at least 7-8 hours is justified on grounds of 9 surprising reasons you can get familiar right now. In most cases, it turns out that a high-quality sleep is cut short by the need to stay up late at night. This time may be completely devoted to writing an essay before the deadline passes. Read further to learn how to write a good last-minute essay without sacrificing your free time. What Makes Students Hurry with Essay Writing? If you are used to working late at night, you should know how much it will cost you errors, anxiety, tiredness, stress, depression, etc. All that have a direct influence on your academic performance and mental health. In what way? Read more about hurry sickness existing today. Most students complain of feelings of sickness because of different reasons (from justifiable to not really explicable ones): Work. Some students work while studying at college or universities. Even if you are studying at high school, you may work as well. There are 25 jobs available for high school students. Most jobs are so demanding that much time and energy are required from students. Much more efforts are necessary to combine work and studies. Indeed, students have to work to cater to their needs at school. However, to meet the deadline, students stay up late at night to write an essay, research paper or complete any other project. Such an academic routine is very tedious and deprives a student of a quality sleep needed at the school and workplace. Procrastination. Some students wait until the last minute to start writing college essays without working somewhere or being engaged in some extracurricular activities. They dont simply want to do a particular task considering it as irrelevant or unimportant to them. Besides, a student may procrastinate because of the deadline pressure that he/she may face in numerous assignments. The lack of incentive to start an essay early, the lack of clear assignment instructions as well as the writing skills shortage lead to the unwillingness to do anything. Have the habit to procrastinate too? Remember, your academic progress will go down. The absence of resources. When a student is unable to find the relevant resources to write an essay on, they are likelier to prolong writing it. The unavailability of resources can put off the interest in writing an essay. The inability to find a resource could be linked to the lack of understanding of an essay topic by a student. This makes a student procrastinate with writing an essay until the last minute. But still, every essay given by your instructor must be written if you want to make academic progress. The low cognitive abilities and skills. Cognitive abilities are brain-based skills that determine how we learn, remember, solve problems, and pay attention. So if you are always in a hurry, check if your cognitive functions serve you well. Keep in mind all the skills can be boosted if you take enough efforts to the regular development and practice. 3 Effects of Hurrying and Sleeping Less at Night All these points probably make you rush into last-minute essay writing now. As a rule, the quick writing process isnt always effective for your academic performance. Remember what consequences are possible when you are in a hurry and sleep less than it is needed? âÅ"…The increase in stress level. During the day, the activities undertaken by a student all lead to the buildup of the stress levels. Cortisol, the hormone stress, increases during the day and declines during the night especially when adequate sleep is given to the body according to the research. Sleep deprivation can lead to the continual buildup of the stress level, which eventually leads to cardiovascular diseases, the decline in the cognitive function, tiredness, and other side effects. On the long run, this may affect the overall academic performance of every student who does something more quickly than usual. It happens, for example, because you are late or you must finish something soon. âÅ"…Underachievement. Want to show the fullest potential but fail every time? It may occur just because you do not have much time and need to hurry, for example, to write an essay in the last minute. As the result, you may make more mistakes than you would do if an effective time management schedule were at hand. Incorporating some advances in technology into your everyday curriculum is one possible way of increasing the level of motivation to learn and achieve greater results. âÅ"…Poor health. While sleeping, the immune system produces infection-fighting substances. This supports the activities of the immune system to keep the activities of foreign substances at bay. Sleep deprivation hinders your body from producing these infection-fighting diseases. This increases the students risk of being exposed to chronic diseases that will prevent them from writing their essay and achieving academic excellence. What Is the Effective Last Minute Essay Writing? Follow Our 7 Tips! Starting to write an essay early will leave you more time to sleep at night or take part in interesting events in your college. However, if you often experience the situation when an essay must be written at the last minute, follow some last-minute essay tips to successfully complete it on time: ⠝ ¶ Switch Off All Possible Distractions While writing an essay, any distraction is likely to set in Facebook notifications, likes on Instagram, calls from the best friends, and so on. To write a last-minute essay demands much more focus than if you wrote it during the whole week. Getting distracted while writing an essay can result in a poorly-written essay with many mistakes in spelling, grammar, etc. The rules of grammar in English arent the easiest to follow. For that reason, you can read the article on The Guardian 10 Grammar Rules You Can Forget: How to Stop Worrying and Write Proper. Want to write without getting your attention drifted away, turn off the TV, the smartphone as well as block all the social networking sites. Then, start writing as your chances to write a captivating, high-quality and A-worthy essay are higher than ever before. ⠝ · Read the Assignment Carefully When an educator assigns you with a particular essay, read the assignment thoroughly. You will not do well if you write something that is different from what you are asked to do. For example, if the assignment sounds as analyze and you provide a summary, this will not bode well for you. A student gets good marks if they follow all the instructions given to them. Therefore, you should adhere to the essay instructions and work accordingly. Given a task to write a 1500-word essay. Stick to this requirement write not less than 1300 words and no more than 1700! ⠝ ¸ Set a Fixed Time to Write an Essay as Required After you know what scope of work you need to deal with, you should budget time effectively for your progress. Remember, you dont have a good deal of time just several hours to write an essay successfully. First of all, set a fixed amount of time to pre-write, write, and post-write the essay. This step-by-step way of writing an essay within specific timeframes enables you to avoid procrastinating any important essay writing stage. For example, you are determined to write an essay on Monday. Allocate enough time for it. Think 2 hours is enough to brainstorm the main ideas for an essay, structure and edit it? Find an additional hour to do everything in your essay as required. Dont forget about 3 finishing touches: ⠝ ¹ Research All Sources of Information Thoroughly No essay writing can be done at a satisfactory level without doing proper research. It arms you with the necessary information to write a well-researched essay. Before you start writing an essay, you should understand the topic and its peculiarities. How to do it? Just look through all the resources available to you to gather the required information about a particular issue. It is better to construct your ideas using only reliable sources such as scholarly journal articles, credible research websites, and others. Where to find them better? 100 search engines for academic research are at your service. You can quicken the search process by pointing out the keywords of your topic. Be sure that youll be provided with what you are looking for. ⠝ º Outline an Essay in Advance A well-developed outline of your essay will guide you through the writing process faster than if you rushed into essay writing immediately. The writing process is simplified by structuring the essay into sections which can be expanded gradually. An essay should be structured in a way where there are the introduction, body, and conclusion. In its turn, the body is divided into 3 main parts containing some supporting evidence. Without an outline, you may end up writing a disorganized essay. An outlined essay allows you to detect areas that require working on. You will be able to add more detail to each part. An outline also gives you clarity on what to write about. This saves your time and energy to brainstorm ideas of what to put on paper. ⠝ » Dont Neglect Drafts When an outline of your essay is prepared, it means that you can develop all ideas to the fullest extent. Dont overestimate your ability to write an essay promptly upon receiving a topic. Even an experienced writer works on as many drafts as possible before saying, Ive finished writing my book! Youre recommended to deal with at least a draft where you could remove or add some points. It can be refined and better presented in a final copy. It isnt of little value to get all the essay ideas out of your head and down on paper as it should be done. If you hesitate to draft your essay, read a guide on what a rough draft is, why it is important, and how to compose it successfully. ⠝ ¼ Proofread and Edit Your Essay Accordingly While writing an essay, there is a tendency among students to make different mistakes from spelling to formatting. The errors will earn you low scores. Want this turn of events? Revise the essay to detect some grammar, spelling errors, and typos. Look at 20 worst typos, grammar errors and spelling mistakes. Ensure that the structure of your essay follows the academic standards. It is better to take enough time to write an essay than submit a poorly-written piece. Take care to see that there are no plagiarized words. Plagiarized content isnt appropriate in the academic field. Edit all the borrowed information according to the formatting style be it APA, MLA, Harvard or Chicago. Dont ruin your reputation! After reading this guide, moreover, after following all the last-minute essay writing steps, you are close to great results. Stop worrying that too little time is left to write an essay! Even if you arent able to follow all these tips, there is one more way to finish all your essays on time a custom essay writing service like ours. All that is required from you is to place an order, specify the paper requirements, and you will get a well-written essay in no time. The essay will be 100% tailored to your instruction, and you will have time to sleep.